Short Introduction
The Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha, enshrined atThe Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa) in Kandy, is one of the most sacred religious treasures in Sri Lanka. For Buddhists, the Tooth Relic represents deep spiritual devotion. Historically, it also symbolized political sovereignty, as the ruler who possessed the relic was considered the legitimate king of Sri Lanka.
Located in the Sacred City of Kandy, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sri Dalada Maligawa is one of the most visited religious and cultural landmarks in Sri Lanka. It remains central to Sri Lankan Buddhism, national identity, and heritage tourism.
Key Facts About the Sacred Tooth Relic
- The Sacred Tooth Relic is believed to be a tooth of Lord Buddha.
- It is enshrined at Sri Dalada Maligawa in Kandy.
- The relic was brought to Sri Lanka in the 4th century CE.
- Princess Hemamala and Prince Dantha brought it from India.
- The Temple of the Tooth is part of the Sacred City of Kandy (UNESCO).
- The relic symbolized royal authority in ancient Sri Lanka.
- The annual Kandy Esala Perahera honors the Sacred Tooth Relic.
- Daily religious rituals (Thevava) are conducted at the temple.
- The present temple structure reflects Kandyan architecture.
- It is one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Asia.
Important Dates
- 4th Century CE – Sacred Tooth Relic brought to Sri Lanka.
- 1592 – Kandy became the capital where the relic was permanently enshrined.
- 1988 – Sacred City of Kandy declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History of the Sacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka
According to historical chronicles, the Sacred Tooth Relic was brought from Kalinga (India) to Sri Lanka in the 4th century CE during the reign of King Sirimeghavanna. Princess Hemamala is said to have carried the relic hidden in her hair to protect it.
After arriving in Sri Lanka, the relic was enshrined in Anuradhapura. As political capitals shifted due to invasions, the relic was moved to Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Kurunegala, Kotte, and finally Kandy.
The relocation of the Sacred Tooth Relic followed the capital because possession of the relic symbolized legitimate kingship.
Symbol of Sovereignty and Kingship
In ancient Sri Lanka, the Sacred Tooth Relic was more than a religious object. It represented:
- Political legitimacy
- Royal authority
- National unity
- Protection of Buddhism
The king who protected the relic was recognized as the rightful ruler of the country. This belief strengthened the connection between religion and governance.
Architecture of Sri Dalada Maligawa
The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy showcases traditional Kandyan architecture. Important features include:
- Golden canopy above the shrine
- Octagonal Pavilion (Pattirippuwa)
- Royal Audience Hall (Magul Maduwa)
- Decorative carvings and murals
The Sacred Tooth Relic is kept inside several golden caskets placed one inside another, shaped like stupas.
Religious Rituals and Daily Worship
Daily rituals, known as Thevava, are conducted three times a day:
- Morning
- Noon
- Evening
Devotees offer flowers and prayers. Special ceremonies take place on Poya days, Vesak, and other important Buddhist occasions.
Kandy Esala Perahera
The Kandy Esala Perahera is one of the most famous cultural and religious festivals in Sri Lanka. It is held annually in July or August and includes:
- Decorated elephants
- Traditional Kandyan dancers
- Drummers and cultural performers
- A ceremonial procession carrying the Tooth Relic casket
This festival attracts both local devotees and international tourists.
Cultural and National Importance
Sri Dalada Maligawa is a powerful symbol of:
- Sri Lankan Buddhist heritage
- Historical monarchy
- Cultural identity
- Religious unity
It remains a central institution in Sri Lanka’s religious and cultural life.
Conclusion
The Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa) is one of the most important religious and historical landmarks in Sri Lanka. As a symbol of Buddhism, sovereignty, and national heritage, it continues to play a vital role in Sri Lankan culture. The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy stands today as a living symbol of devotion, history, and identity.
10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The Sacred Tooth Relic is located in:
A. Colombo
B. Anuradhapura
C. Kandy
D. Galle
Correct Answer: C
2. The Sacred Tooth Relic was brought to Sri Lanka in the:
A. 1st Century BCE
B. 3rd Century BCE
C. 4th Century CE
D. 10th Century CE
Correct Answer: C
3. Who brought the Sacred Tooth Relic to Sri Lanka?
A. King Dutugemunu
B. Princess Hemamala
C. Emperor Ashoka
D. Arahat Mahinda
Correct Answer: B
4. The Sacred Tooth Relic symbolized:
A. Trade authority
B. Royal sovereignty
C. Colonial power
D. Military control
Correct Answer: B
5. Sri Dalada Maligawa is part of the UNESCO-listed:
A. Sacred City of Anuradhapura
B. Sacred City of Kandy
C. Sigiriya Rock Fortress
D. Polonnaruwa City
Correct Answer: B
6. The annual festival honoring the Sacred Tooth Relic is:
A. Vesak
B. Poson
C. Esala Perahera
D. Thai Pongal
Correct Answer: C
7. Daily rituals at the Temple of the Tooth are called:
A. Pirith
B. Thevava
C. Bana
D. Pooja Sabha
Correct Answer: B
8. The Sacred Tooth Relic is kept inside:
A. A silver box
B. A stone chamber
C. A golden casket
D. A wooden chest
Correct Answer: C
9. The final capital where the relic was permanently enshrined is:
A. Polonnaruwa
B. Dambadeniya
C. Kotte
D. Kandy
Correct Answer: D
10. The Temple of the Tooth mainly represents:
A. Industrial development
B. Colonial architecture
C. Buddhist heritage and national identity
D. Military history
Correct Answer: C